Explanation text

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APA ITU EXPLANATION TEXT?

Explanation memuat dua kata kunci yang WAJIB diingat yaitu sebagai berikut:

• 1.    To explain WHY an object exist as it is.
• 2.     To describe HOW an object works or the process involved in the formation.
•    Dalam hal ini bisa melihat contoh pada “proses terjadinya gerhana matahari dan bulan”, ‘bagaimana terjadinya hujan/Mengapa hujan”, etc. untuk memudahkan maka perhatikan kata kunci pertanyaan in “ HOW DOES IT WORK?, HOW DOES THE PROCESS TAKE PLACE?

STRUCTURE OF THE EXPLANATION TEXT

1.       General statement about particular topic to be explained

Berisi satu statement umum tentang suatu topik yang akan dijelaskan proses terbentuknya …., proses terjadinya …, dst, dan harus bersifat ringkas, menarik.

Kalimat pertanyaan yang bisa dipakai untuk memudahkan mendapatkan ide adalah sebagai berikut:

a.       What is the topic of the text?

b.      What does the author want to explain?

2.       Sequence of explanation that describe the process, the formation, etc.

Pada alenia ini akan berisi tentang penjelasa detail tentang proses terjadinya sesuatu atau proses pembentukan sesuatu. Dalam hal ini perlu ditekankan bahwa pada alenia ini menggunakan kata kunci , “how atau why” tergantung pada isi topik pada alenia pertama.

Kalimat pertanyaan yang bisa dipakai untuk menumbuhkan ide dalam menulis adalah sebagai berikut:

a.       How many types of the topic?

b.      How does each of the work?

c.       What make people decide between permanent or semi-permanent?

3.       Closing (optional)

Berisi kesimpulan atau statement tentang apa yang baru saja dijelaskan di alenia 1 dan alenia 2.

 

uuUNSUR KEBAHASAAN

1.     1.   Menggunakan simple present tense

2.      2.  Menggunakan kata kerja aksi yang berlangsung seperti: do, make, create, dst.

3.      3.  Menggunakan pola passive voice.

 

C  CONTOH TEXT EXPLANATION

Explanation Text 1 (tentang bagaimana terjadinya hujan)

How Does Rain Happen

We all know that rain is primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable condition for diverse ecosystems. Rain is water that descends from the sky through several processes until the rain occurs. Do you know how does rain happen?

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of water circle includes the sun heating the Earth’s water surface and causing the water surface to evaporate. Earth’s water includes water from lake, river, and ocean. Then, the water vapor experiences condensation and becomes condensed vapor. Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air temperature is higher, it makes the droplets gather, condensed and formed into clouds. The presence of winds helps clouds move and gather in other places that have lower temperatures. At that time, the droplets become heavier and unstoppable and cause the droplets to fall so that there is rain.

If the droplets drop in an area with very cold temperatures, the droplets will drop as snow. However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called Virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

Penjelasan contoh diatas

1.       General statement: topicnya adalah mengenai  BAGAIMANA hujan itu terjadi”. Disini di jelaskan terlebih dahulu tentang apa itu definisi hujan secara umum.

2.       Sequence of explanation : berisi tahapan2 pengambaran bagaiman terjadinya hujan.

3.       Closing; penambahan sedikit kesimpulan dari apa yang sudah dijelaskan.

CONTOH 2

Why Summer Daylight is Longer than Winter Daylight

In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.

The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.

It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.

(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)

 PENJELASAN;

General statement: topicnya adalah menyatakan gejala alam bahwa siang hari lebih lama terjadi di musim panas daripada di musim dingin.
2. Explanation: It is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.
Language Feature Analysis on Explanation Text

* Focusing generic participant: daylight.
* Using chronological connection: then, so, but.
* Using passive voice: you would be forgiven.
* Using present tense: the earth is actually closer to the sun.

Bibliography

http://britishcourse.com/contoh-explanation-text-why-summer-daylight-is-longer-than-winter-daylight.php. (2018, march 1). Retrieved from British course: http://britishcourse.com/contoh-explanation-text-why-summer-daylight-is-longer-than-winter-daylight.php

https://www.studiobelajar.com/explanation-text/. (2021). Retrieved from studio belajar: https://www.studiobelajar.com/explanation-text/

Pardiyono, M. (2007). Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-based writing metode mengajar wroting berbasis genre secara efectif. Yogyakarta: C.V. ANDI OFFSET.